Density determination is a method of measuring the density of a material, which indicates how much mass is present in a given volume. The solid is immersed in a liquid and the displaced volume of liquid is equal to the volume of the solid. The mass of the displaced volume of liquid is then used to determine the density.
The impact test is a mechanical test used to determine the toughness of a material, in particular its ability to absorb energy during rapid fracture. An elongated, double-notched specimen is subjected to an impact load in a standard laboratory environment.
The coefficient of friction of a material is determined by measuring the coefficient of friction. It describes the relationship between two forces - the frictional force and the contact force. These occur when two bodies stick, slide or roll against each other. The test body is pressed against a base body with a defined normal force. The resulting frictional forces try to counteract this movement. This is followed by the long-term wear test, which helps to analyse how the coefficient of friction changes or adapts over a longer period of time.